Background and Aim: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the second most prevalent type in Iran and the fifth cancer in the world which includes 8% of the cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs which have been recently shown to play a crucial role in major cellular processes such as development and differentiation which can change the genes regulation that may lead to cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the miR199b expression in patients with AML. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, in this case-control study, miR199b expression was investigated in 30 patients with AML admitted to Mirzakochak khan Jangali Hospital, Tehran and compared with the same number o healthy individuals as control using Real time PCR. Result: There was a reduction in miR199b expression in patients compared with control group and statistically was significant (P=0.0001(. While, no significant correlation was observed between age, sex, WBC, PLT, HGB, Blast and FAB subtype with the expression of Mir-199b (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Mir199b as a tumor suppressor showed a reduction in its expression. Therefore, evaluation of this gene expression, can be used as diagnostic agents and also a prognostic factor in patients with AML.

Keywords: Acute Myeloid Leukemia, miR-199b, Real time PCR

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