Abstract Background: The role of serum lipid profile in development of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The main purpose of current study was to compare the serum level of total cholesterol (TC), low-density cholesterol (LDL-CH), high-density cholesterol (HDL-CH) and triglysrides (TG) between patients with ICH and matched healthy subjects. Materials and methods: There were 116 patients with ICH and 116 patients with low back pain as control group contributed in this retrospective control case study. The serum level of TC, LDL-CH, HDL-CH and TG were compared between two groups utilizing independent samples t-testand Mann Whitney U test. Results: The serum level of TC was the same between two groups (189±49 mmol/L v.s 178±49 mmol/L p=0.256). The serum level of LDL-CH (113±32 mmol/L v.s 96±39 mmol/L p=0.001) and HDL-CH (43±10 mmol/L v.s 38±41 mmol/L p=0.0001) was significantly higher and TG (123±69 mmol/L v.s 144±70 mmol/L p=0.003) was significantly lower in the ICH group compared with control group. Conclusion: Hypercholesterolemia, but not hypocholesterolemia, and increased serum level of TG are associated with increased risk of ICH. Based on the large controversies exist regarding the findings of previous studies, more studies are required to determine the role and mechanism of action of cholesterol and TG in increasing the risk of ICH. Keywords: Intracerebral hemorrhage, Dyslipidemia, Cholesterol, Hypocholestrolemia, Triglysrides, Risk factor.

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