From 23,231 total admission to three chil­dren's hospitals in Teheran over 3years and 6 months to 8 years period, 83 patients were found to have diabetes, 23 per thousand. The incidence of diabetes in children in­creases with age and is maximum in adoles­cence. 
In 83 diabetic children 59 were male and 24 female (F /M:(0.4.) 
From 83 diabetic patients 25 (31.2p.c.) were admitted with ketoacidosis. The main symp­toms present upon hospitalization of children with ketoacidosis consist of coma, precoma, vomiting and abdominal pain and lassitude. From 25 patients with· ketoacidosis only 10 cases were admitted for the first time and the rest of the patients had been admitted sever­al times before. The importance of treatment, control of diabetes and follow up of diabetic children as well as recent arguments and re­commendations for diet in juvenile diabetes is discussed.