School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 22 2 1998 6 1 Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in People Over 40 Years Old in Isfahan City In 1994 1 8 OTHER Masoud Amini Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Nasrolah Bashardoust Farsad Afshinnia Mansour Shahparian Mostafa Kazemi Seyed Mohsen Razavi Zadeh This article has no abstract.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 22 2 1998 6 1 Long Term Effects of Mustard Gas on Pulmonary Function Tests in Chemical Warfare Victims in Kerman, Iran 9 17 OTHER Mohsen Janghorbani Associate Professor of Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Kerman, Iran. Mahdi Hiatbakhsh Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Health Services,Iran. Ali Ebrahimi Resident of Surgery Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Health Services,Iran. Iraq has used extensively chemical warfare agents in recent Iran-Iraq conflict (1980-1988) and it is believed about 450,000 people were exposed to this agents. Long-term effects of chemical warfare agents, particularly mustard gas, on pulmonary function tests (PFT) (VC, FEV1 , FVC, FEV/FVC, PEF, MEF50%, MEF25%, MEF25-75% , ERC and IC) are estimated during 7.7 [standard deviation (SD)=l.2] years of follow-up. Between March and November 1994, we have selected 292 chemical warfare exposed victims from the present files in the Kerman branch of Iranian Foundation of War Casualties. Age, occupational exposure, cigarette smoking, weight and height was recorded. The mean (SD) age of participants was 31.5 (8.6%) years at examination time. 250 (85.6%) of victims developed acute clinical manifestation of pulmonary dysfunction immediately after attack and more than half of them (160; 54.8%) have pulmonary dysfunction in PFT, 5-10 years after exposure. In PFT, 39(13.3%) had restrictive pattern, 109 (37.3%) had obstructive pattern and 12 (4.1 %) had mixed pattern, 132 (45.2%) had normal PFT. Decreased vital capacity was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of late complications was higher in persons with acute clinical manifestations of pulmonary dysfunction immediately after attack. The vital capacity of victims who used mask and protective covers was higher (P<0.05).

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 22 2 1998 6 1 Effect of Walnut Leaf Extracts on Setum Biochemical Parameters of Diabetic Rats 18 25 OTHER Gholam ali Jelodar Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Saeed Nazifi Habibabadi Diabetes mellitus was induced in 32 out of 40 adult male albino rats using intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg BW of alloxan. Then, the diabetic rats were divided into four groups, three of which fed a diet containing 8 % BW ethanol (polar solvent), cyclohexane (nonpolar solvent) and ether (intermediate solvent) extracts of walnut leaf for 21 days. The fourth (positive control) group received a normal diet. The remaining non diabetic rats (negative control group) received neither alloxan nor the mentioned extracts. Following induction of diabetes mellitus, concentration of serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and the activity of ALT, AST and ALP increased significantly in positive control group compared with negative control group (P < 0. 05). Compared with the positive control group, the concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were lower in groups consuming cyclohexane, ether and ethanol extracts of walnut leaf (P < 0. 05). The concentration of glucose and the activity of ALT and ALP in the cyclohexane group were also lower (P < 0. 05). Comparison between three experimental groups showed that cyclohexane extract of walnut leaf may have more profound effects on levels of serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and the activity of ALT and ALP, than other extracts of walnut leaf. The ethanol extract of walnut leaf had most effect on cholesterol and triglyceride of diabetic rats.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 22 2 1998 6 1 Prevalence of Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV) Antibody and the ways of Blood Transfusion in Addicts Residing in Qasr Prison 26 32 OTHER Mohammad Reza Zali Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Azita Norouzi Houshang Amir Rasouli Mohammad Darvishi This article has no abstract.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 22 2 1998 6 1 A Survey of 423 Cases of Skull Fracture in " Loghman-E-Hakin " Medical Center. Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences & Health Services. 33 39 OTHER karim Haddadian Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Omidvar Rezaey Associated Professor of Neurosurgery, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran. Sohrab Sadeghi Assistant Professorof Neurosurgey, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran. This retrospective study is performed on 423 cases of skull farcture who refered to "Loghman-e­Hakim" hospital during a 493 days period (October 1994-March 1995): The fracture types were linear in 85% Depressed in 7%, Basilar in 8% of cases. 71.2% of all cases were male and 28.8% were femal. 72.6% of fracture occured in pediatric age group "Less than 15 years old" and 27.4% in adult group. The most common site of fracture was parietal region in 40.6%of cases. Intracranial lesions was encountered in 33 .1 % of patients and the most common of these was contusion "61.2% in adults and E.D.H" 21.2% in pediatrics. Surgical intervention carried out in 15.8% of patient which was hematoma evaluation in two thirds and depressed fracture in one third. The mortality rate was 4. 3 % in all cases in the skull fractures, and 92 % of patients were discharge from hospital without any neurological deficit.  

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 22 2 1998 6 1 Epidemiologic Survey on Hypertension and Its Relation with Obesity, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Islamshahr, Iran 40 52 OTHER Lida Navai Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology Research and Endocrine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Yadollah Mehrabi National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, and Endocrine Research Center (Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran-LR.Iran). Masoud Kimiagar National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, and Endocrine Research Center (Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran-LR.Iran). Fereydon Azizi National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, and Endocrine Research Center (Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran-LR.Iran). Despite impressive progress in diagnosis, treatment and control of hypertension, this symptom is still one of the major causes of brain and kidney disease as well as cardiac insufficiencies. Since the control of blood lipids, glucose and body weight are highly important in the prevention and treatment of hypertensive drugs, this epidemiologic study was carried out in Islamshahr, 30 Km. to The Southwest of Tehran to investigate the relationship of hypertension with BMI, blood lipids and glucose. Out of 244000 inhabitants, 1919 (40% male and 60% female subjects) over 30 years of age were selected by step-wise random sampling in 17 districts of Islamshahr. A fasting blood sample was secured from each subject for cholesterol and triglyceride measurement. Another blood sample was collected two hours following on oral dose of 75 g. glucose. Height and weight were measured and BMI calculated. The subjects seated blood pressure was taken. Blood glucose was determined by orthotoluidine method. Triglyceride and cholesterol were measured by RA 1000 atUoanalyzer. Mean and SD systolic BP was 128±23 mmHg with no significant difference between males and females. Mean ±SD diastolic BP was 78 ± 13 mmHg in females who had significantly higher BP than males (78 ± 13 in females VS. 76± 13 in males P<0.003). Mean diastolic and systolic BP increased with age in both sexes, while diastolic hypertension remained static from the fifth decade on. Mean ±SD two-hour blood glucose in diastolically normal, mild and severe hypertension were 120±59, 133±64 and 150±94 mg/dl respectively. These figures, for systolic pressure were 117±55, 128±60 and 156±87 mg/dl respectively. Diastolic pressure was high in 19% of normal subjects, 34% of IGT and 34 % of diabetics (P < 0.01). The same figures for systolic pressure were 24, 42 and 51 % respectively (P < 0.01). Diastolic pressure in subjects possessing normal and abnormal serum triglyceride was 18 % and 27 % (P < 0.001) while systolic pressure was 24 % and 34% (P<0.001). In 19% of those having normal cholesterol levels and 26 % of those with abnormal cholesterol levels diastolic pressure was high (P < 0.001). For systolic pressure the same figures were 24 % and 34 % (P < 0.001). Prevalence of mild and severe obesity in subjects with diastolic and systolic hypertension were 46 and 41 % . Obesity together with hypertension were more pronounced in women than in men in that 13 % of females and 5.7 % of males having diastolic hypertension and 13.9% of females and 8.1 % of males having systolic blood pressure were obese. This survey points to the high prevalence of hypertension in people over 30 years of age. Higher diastolic blood pressue in women compared to men and the correlation between hypertension on the one hand and TG, cholesterol, blood glucose levels and obesity the other, merits attention and further studies.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 22 2 1998 6 1 Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Liver 53 58 OTHER Noshin Behboudi Radiology Department, Shohada Tajrish Medical Center, Tehran, Iran. Sofia Sabouri Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences & Health Services,Iran. Mohammad hadi Kharrazi Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences & Health Services,Iran. Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver is a focal mass consisting proliferation of plasma cells and other inflammatory cells. This rare disease should be . included in differential diagnosis in patients with hepatic mass in imaging studies, which to avoid surgery. Case Report. A 49 years old woman admitted in Shohada Hospital with epigastric pain the imaging studies was done (U.S.-C. T). Two S.O.L are detected in right and caudate lobes of liver. For better, evaluation fine needle CT guide biopsy was performed. Result. The histologic study is confirmed the inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver. Conclusion. It must remind that percutaneous biopsy should be performed at obtain histological confirmation in a patient with no or a few symptoms and detection S.O.L in liver.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 22 2 1998 6 1 A Serious Complication of Intravitreal Injection of Alcohol 59 66 OTHER Hosein Delshad Siahgoli Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fereydoun Azizi Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. This article has no abstract.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 22 2 1998 6 1 Parathyroid Carcinoma: Case Report and Review of the Literatur 67 71 OTHER Navid Saadat Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Payam Samareh-Pahlevan General Practitioner Taleghani Medical Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences & Health Services,Iran. Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism and occurs in one percent of cases. Most of the patients at the time of diagnosis are young and the mean age is 40 year-old and occur with equal frequency in both sexes. In most series, serum calcium levels are ≽ 14 mg/dl and in half of them, a palpable cervical mass is evident. Clinical manifestations are maily due to hypercalcemia per se and include fatigue, weakness, bone pain, nephrolithiasis, polydipsia and polyuria; local and distant metastases occur only late in the course of disease. This unique case is the second one reported in Iran who came with fatigue, weakness, recurrent nephrolithiasis, right-sided mandibular tumor and a palpable neck mass. The patient underwent surgical extirpation of tumor plus ipsilateral thyroid lobectomy and discharged from the hospital in good condition. In five years follow up since the first surgery, there is no evidence of tumor recurrence and/or hypercalcemia.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 22 2 1998 6 1 Methods of Writing Medical Articles 72 86 OTHER Seyed Masih Hashemi Fereydoun Azizi This article has no abstract.