School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 15 3 1991 9 1 Determining Research Priorities of the Medical Group: Medical Commission of the Scientific Research Council 3 11 OTHER This article has no abstract.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 15 3 1991 9 1 Psychomotor Abnormalities and Decreased Intelligent Quotient in School Children of Iodine Deficient Areas Near Tehran 12 18 OTHER Azam Sarshar Endocrine Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, Taleghani Medical Center, and Institute of Nutrition, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Morteza Mohajer Endocrine Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, Taleghani Medical Center, and Institute of Nutrition, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Masoud Kimiagar Endocrine Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, Taleghani Medical Center, and Institute of Nutrition, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fereydon Azizi Endocrine Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, Taleghani Medical Center, and Institute of Nutrition, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. SUMMARY In order to evaluate psychomotor activity and intelligent quotient in schoolchildren of iodine deficient region, 95 children from Kiga and 103 from Keshar villages and 73 from Razi school in Tehran were studied. In Kiga there is moderately severe iodine deficiency with retarded physical growth and decreased thyroid function. These students had more errors in Bender-Gestalt (BG) test and their mean psychomotor age was 1.7 years below their chronological age. In Keshar, where there is high prevalence of goiter, but all individuals are euthyroid, number of errors in BG test was much less than Kiga but more than Razi students. Mean psychomotor age was 1.4 years behind their chronological age. In Razi students, the prevalence and size of goiters are less than two villages; all students are euhyroid, number of errors correspond to International standards, and psychomotor age correlates well with chronological age. IQ was estimated through Raven test in all three locations. Mean IQ was 89± 11, 96±9 and 116± 10 for Kiga, Keshar and Razi students, respectively. 15% of Kiga and 3% of Keshar students had IQ below 75, fulfilling criteria for mild mental retardation. The present study demonstrates that many of apparently normal looking school children in areas of iodine deficiency suffer from psychomotor disturbances and diminished IQ. This deficit affects their learning process and daily homeworks. The finding emphasize urgent need for implementation of a successful preventive program in all areas of iodine deficiency.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 15 3 1991 9 1 Usages of Laser (Co2 -Type) in Neurological Surgery 19 25 OTHER Mahmood Tabatabaei Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran. SUMMARY We have discussed in this article, about usages of Laser (Cortype) In Neurological - Surgery, In the beginning of the article, historical considerations have been written, then specifications of laser light have been noted, including the functions of laser. In this article, types of laser have been matched. In the another part of article, advantages of Co2 . laser have been mentioned, including, decreasing of bleeding during operations, and ability for resection of firm tumors without manip11lation of surrounding tissues and non-invasiveness nature of Co2 laser and decreasing of potential-risks of spreading infection of metastasis, and shortenning of duration of operation. In addition, particular disadvantages of Co2-laser including possible damage of important uncovered Neural-structures and expensiveness of that and lacking of efficiency of that in.managing of vascular . lesions have been mentioned. Applications in neurosurgery are, tumors of the base of skull (such as meningioma) and mass - lesions of important locations as sensory mo tor cor texes and foramen magnoum meningioma, and hard tumors of the nasopharynx. In the end of article, technical outlines and warrantings during laser usage have oeen discussed.  

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 15 3 1991 9 1 Experimental Study of the Effects of Scolicidal Agents on Liver Bile Ducts 26 31 OTHER Azizollah Abbassi dezfuly Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran. Poran Sheesheene Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran. Mohammad Behkam Shadmehr Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran. Mohammad hassan Ghaffari Nejad Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran.   SUMMARY Scolicidal agents are used by most surgeons during operations for hydatid cysts when these agents are injected into the cys t cavity, they can pass through the communicating passages between the cyst and bile ducts into the large intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and because of their caustic nature, they have the potential to damage the epithelium of ducts. This epithelial damage may ends into the fibrosis and stricture of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, and entity called by some investiga­tors: Caustic sclerosing cholangitis" CSC, (Jacques Belghit, 1986). Sclerosing cholangitis after the surgical removal of an echinococcal cyst of the liver was first described by warren in 1966, in 1981 Khodadadi reported a second case. These investigators suggested that formalin could be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition. In 1982 Mirouze et al, reported 5 other cases of CSC after use of formalin in the treatment of liver echinococcal cyst. They could produce simmillar lesions experimentally by injecting 10% and 20% of formalin, solulion into the gall bladder of two dogs respectively. CSC has also been observed after sterilization of a hydatid cyst with 40% ethanol (Polo Melero, 1981). After these reports much concern has developed about using of scolicidal agents, In the other hand the high recurrence rate after operation of hydatid cysts (about 11 % H, Mottaghian 1978) impress the surgeons to use them. We conducted an experimental animal study to see the effects of commonly used scolicidal agents u pan liver and bile ducts. 0. 5%cc of either 2% formalin, 0.5% certimide, 0.5% silver nitrate and 10% sodium choloride or normal saline, as control, were injected into the common bile ducts of 240 Guinea. Pigs and their livers studied microscopically between 1 day and after 5 months. The results showed that all these agents, except the control, caused fibrosis and stricture of bile ducts. Also formalin caused acute toxic damage of the liver in a large numbr of animals, this effect has mot been reported formerly, the rates of liver fibrosis were 40% for formalin, 18% for cetrimide; 7% for silver sitrate and 4% for hypertonic saline. Liver fibrosis did not occur in the contbol group. Conclusion: All of the scolicidal agents used in this study. caused acute toxic and late irreverssible liver damage. This damage was higher for formalin than others.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 15 3 1991 9 1 The Results of Bone Marrow Transplantations. in 10 Iranian Patients Travelled and Treated Abroad are Presented Here 32 51 OTHER Davood Monadizadeh Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran.   SUMMARY Up to 15 years ago, bone marrow transplantation was experimental, but in the recent years it has gained an important role in the field of Medicine, and it has clearly been established as a therapeutic modality for a wide range of diseases. During 1950-1955 when marrow transplant was first attempted in human, little was known about transplant antigens. Supportive care techniques such as blood products, effective new antibiotics were in their primitive state and quite limited. Despite these problems, investigators in North America and Europe made enormous efforts to induce tolerance and graft acceptance. Extensive studies were done in animals. Dr. E. Donall Thomas and other researchers made extensive experiments in canine and other lab animals for many years. Except for few successful transplant between identical twin donor - recipient, results of the early trials were uniformly disappointing, until the discovery of HLA antigen with more knowledge in immunohematology, then progress started to be made. There are now a number of centers in the USA, Europe and in the Asia with the capability of carrying out bone marrow transplants with good Standard. Each patient must be evaluated individually and the patient, donor, the family must be fully informed about the benefits, costs and expected complications of this procedure. In the last 15 years exellent progress has been made in the results and procedures of the bone marrow transplantation. Near to 700 unrelated donors for bone marrow transplantation were reported worldwide in ASH Meeting held in Boston December 1990. This progress will undoubtedly continue as more and compare results. Despite of the hardships, risks, costs, complications, marrow transplantation still offers the only potential cure for many patients with hematologic disorders.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 15 3 1991 9 1 Two Cases of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in an Iranian Family 52 55 OTHER Ahmad Behvd Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran. Mohammad Rakhshan Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran. Parvaneh Vesal Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran. Khaleghi Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran. SUMMARY Aspergillosis is an infectious disease caused by genus aspergillos species. Aspergilli are ab undant in the environment, they Jive in soil as saprophyte deriving nutrient, from dead plants and animal matters. The genus aspergillos in characterized by the formation of distinctive conidiophores giving rise to conidias which can spread by air and are able to reside on the body surface specially into respiratory tracts producing 3 distinct pulmonary clinical features, invasive pulmouary aspergillosis, non invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and dillergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis. We presented in this article a 3 year-old girl who was admitted to pediatric department of Loghman -e- Hakim hospital for fever and cough of 2 weeks durati on. Admission diagnosis was pulmonary tuberculosis considering folliculo-granular aspect of the lungs on X-ray and other contributory clinical findings. Failure to respond to anti T.B medication specially lung mycosis which was confirmed by serologic studies and lung biopsy. Patient's brother was shortly after admitted to hospital with similar clinical and laboratory findings. Unfortunately, anti mycotic medicines associated with other antibiotics and supportive cares were of no benefit fo both patients and progressively deteriorating condition was beyond salvation.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 15 3 1991 9 1 Volvulus Associated with Pregnancy : A Review & Report of One Case 56 59 OTHER Mehrangiz Hatami Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran. SUMMARY Volvulus associated with pregnancy & puerperi- um though rare, has to be exciuded as a cause of abdominal pain Diagnosis is difficult because the clinical signs are often masked. Delay in diagnos is may have serious consequences for mother & fetus. A case of volvulus associated with pregnancy is being reported and literature are briefly reviewed. Significant symptoms and signs and useful investigations are described and the adventage of early surgical exploration when the condition is suspected is emphasized.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 15 3 1991 9 1 Immunotherapy in Multiple Sclerosis (Ms) 60 66 OTHER Mohammad mahdi Eetemadi Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran. Summary The immunosuppressive agent has changed the clinical course of MS. Mostly,this agent, like cyclophosphamide cyclosporine A., and X-Ray of the lymphoid organ, has a lot of side effects. It should only be used in the most severe from of MS among immunosuppressive agents, Azathioprin has been used most frequently in spite of the fact that it is not very effective compared with other immunosuppressive agents. The new treatment toll for MS is interferon and copolymer - I Monocolonal antibody is a new hope, but it is under investigation. We need to have a five - year clinical trial in order to establish whether or not it is an effective treatment. Corticotherapy is more effective and the duration of acute attack is shorter when the patient is on steroids. Also, clinical manifestation is less, but does have a preventive effect.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 15 3 1991 9 1 The Radiation of Ionizan Rays in the Treatment of.Benign Diiseases 67 73 OTHER Behroz Shahrad Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Iran. SUMMARY In the early days of the discovery of X-rays, it was widely used in the treatment of benign diseases such as some chronic infections and chronic skin conditions, however, with better recognition of side effects specially carcinogenecity of the radiation, their use in benign diseases are now restricted only to a few of non-malignant conditions, when all else has failed, and with the knowledge and acceptance of Jong term risks.