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School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 34 4 2011 1 1 Comparing the effects of theory-practice and practice-theory methods of teaching anatomy on student learning and satisfaction 209 213 FA Ali Reza Khalatbary Department of Anatomical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran Ahmad Tamjidipoor Department of Anatomical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran Abstract Background: Educational systems need to modify teaching methods in order to be effective. This research was conducted to study the effects of theory-practice and practice-theory methods of anatomy teaching on student learning and satisfaction. Methods: This quasi-experimental survey was carried out on second semester students of Lorestan University. During a 6-week period students were taught the anatomy of musculo-skeletal, neuro-vascular, and visceral systems according to the curriculum by two different methods one group of students attended theory classes initially and were subsequently designated to practical sessions in the laboratory which included practicing dissection on mannequins and human bodies. The order of teaching was reversed for the secondgroup who received practical lessons first and attended theory lectures subsequently. Satisfaction with the curriculum was gauged through a pre-designed questionnaire and the degree of learning was assessed through a written examination. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: In the musculo-skeletal section, learning outcomes and satisfaction were significantly higher in the practice-theory method while for visceral and neurovascular systems, no significant statistical differences were observed in the learning outcomes between the 2 methods. Degree of satisfaction was significantly higher with the practice-theory method for learning the visceral section but not for the neuro-vascular system. Conclusion: Practice-theory method of anatomy teaching can be an acceptable replacement for theory-practice method (usual method) in the educational system. Keywords: Teaching methods, Anatomy, education.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 34 4 2011 1 1 Effects of Calendula officinalis extract on bacteria isolated 214 218 FA Gita Eslami Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soudabeh Taheri Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Abdolmajid Ayatollahi Department of Pharmacognosia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Raziyeh Zare Mohazzabiyyeh Pharmacist, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abstract Background: Presence of the beta-lactamase enzyme results in microbial resistance to beta-lactam and cell wall synthesis inhibitor antibiotics. This study was conducted to compare effects of Calendula officinalis extract and cephalosporines, as a cell wall synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, on bacteria isolated from patients with cellulitis. Methods: This experimental study was done on bacteria isolated from 100 patients. Calendula officinalis extract was prepared by perculation with methanol 85%. Solvent was vaporized and lyophilized. Antibacterial effects of the herb extract, cefixim, cephalexin, ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, and cefazolin were evaluated by two methods of disc diffusion and MIC. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and paired t- test. Results: Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus fecalis, Staphylococcus, (MRSA) and Staphylococcus saprophiticus were susceptible in dilutions of 1:128 of Calendula officinalis extract. In disc diffusion, 100% of Streptococcus, Enterococcus fecalis, MRSA and 50% of Staphylococcus saprophiticus were susceptible to Calendula officinalis extract. Gram negative bacteria, including E.coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Serattia, and Pseudomonas were resistant. Diameter of no growth of bacteria among gram positive and negative bacteria was significantly different in Calendula officinalis extract (p< 0.001). Conclusion: It seems that Calendula officinalis extract can be used in combination with antibiotics for the treatment of cellulitis. KEYWORDS: Calendula officinalis, Cephalosporines, Drug Resistance, Cellulitis, Gram positive bacteria.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 34 4 2011 1 1 The effect of Echinophora platyloba on the pre-menstural syndrome 219 224 FA Masoumeh Delaram Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, ShahreKord University of Medical Sciences, ShareKord, Iran Ali Haeri Full Professor, PhD of Pharmacology, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abstract Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) disrupts young women’s normal life and activity each month. Different methods have been employed for treatment of PMS. The aim of this study was to detect the effect of Echinophora platyloba on premenstrual syndrome in students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2008. Methods: A single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on sixty students with PMS. They were randomly assigned to receive either the Echinophora platyloba extract or placebo the DRSP questionnaire, (daily record of severity of problems) was used for data collection. At the end of first and second month after intervention, the severity of PMS was recorded and compared with symptoms prior to intervention in the two groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS software, P<0/05 was considered significant. Results: The severity of premenstrual syndrome was similar in two groups before intervention (Score=100.8±22.1 vs. 104.3±19.5), but after the intervention, there was a significant difference in severity score between the 2 groups viz. 49.7±13.2 vs. 79.1±18.1 in the intervention vs. the control group respectively, (p=0.002). Conclusion: Echinophora platyloba extract is effective in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Keywords: Premenstrual syndrome, Echinophora platyloba, Placebo.

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