School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 42 3 2018 9 1 Frequency of Bifidobacterium obtained from mother’s milk and their infant stool in rural areas of Markazi Province in 2015 121 125 FA Vahid Lohrasbi Iran University of Medical Sciences Morteza Eshaghi Arak University of Medical Sciences Meysam Hasannejad Bibalan Guilan University of Medical Sciences Malihe Talebi Iran University of Medical Sciences Mohammad Reza Pourshafie Pasteur Institute of Iran Background: Intestinal colonization of the newborn is essential for establishment, maturation and maintenance of the gut mucosal barrier. The greatest difference between the microbiota of breast milk and Infant formula infants feeding is the numbers and species composition of Bifidobacteria. In this study, we tried to identify the native Bifidobacterium isolates obtained from the human’s breast milk and the feces of their paired infants in rural areas of Markazi Province in 2015. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 28 samples from mothers’ milk and 28 samples from paired infants feces were collected and cultured. Suspicious colonies were picked up and confirmed by phenotypic identification and finally specific primers were designed for genotypic detection by PCR assay. Finally, the results were analyzed using spss18 software. Findings: In this study, amongst Fifty-six samples, 31 (55%) different Bifidobacterium species including 15 (36%) B. bifidum, 14 (34%) B. longum, and, 12 (29%) B. 1 were isolated. Out of which, 12 (29%) isolates including B. longum (6), B. breve (4) and B. bifidum (2) were shared between six mother-infant pairs. The correlation coefficient of bifidobacteria isolated from breast milk against their feces was +0.821 (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: By observing the 29 percent contribution and the positive correlation coefficient between breast milk and fecal bifidobacterium in our study, it probably be acknowledged that the main source of intestinal bifidobacterium in the early stages of birth is breast milk.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 42 3 2018 9 1 The effect of alcoholic extracts of Panicum miliaceum seed on hipocampus dentate gyrus neuronal density in male mouse 126 130 FA arezoo borna roodi Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran maryam Tehranipour Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran nastaran amintaheri Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran Background and Objective: The evolution of species in the brain, neurons in some brain areas process has been confirmed. This process is known as Neurogenesis. Neurogenesis process in two areas of the brain, the anterior adult mammals, including regional sub- ventriculus and dentate gyrus in various species, including rodents, primates and humans occurs. Millet is the family of Poaceae The seed of this plant has various vitamins and other valuable compounds such as polyphenols, carbohydrates and fatty acids.  the aim of this research is to examine the effect of alcoholic extracts of grain Millet on  neuronal density of Dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in  male mouse Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 24 adult male mice. first, the soxhelet of alcoholic extract form the seed of the Panicum miliaceum plant with herbarium code 9738 was prepared . Mice were randomly divided into 4 sanary groups of control and treat with extract with a dose of 25,50,75 mg/kg. In the groups of treat with extract, intraperitoneally (IP), for 21 day continuously with an invertal of 24 hours and the control group received normal saline injection. One month after the first injection, the animals were anesthetized and brain gently was out of the skall. After processing , seven-micron serial sections were stained with blue toluidine and erythrosine. Then dentate gyrus were photographed and neuronal density of dentate gyrus in different groups were evaluated by stereological methods and based on the statistical program  were compared with control groups. Results: In the treatment group with a dose of 25 mg / kg, the neuronal density of the DG region was significantly increased compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Also, in the treatment group with a dose of 50 mg / kg and 75 mg / kg, there was a significant increase in neuronal density of DG region compared to control group (P = 0). Conclusion: This study showed that  the alcoholic extract of the seed of Panicum miliaceum plant, Probably causes the increase of neurons of the dentate gyrus of the lab mice. It is likely that, alcoholic extracts of Millet grain  increased neurogenesis, so that increased  the neuronal density.   

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 42 3 2018 9 1 The Effects of aqueous extracts of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) on spatial memory density in male mouse 131 136 FA masoud motabar roodi Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran maryam Tehranipour Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran nastaran amintaheri Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran Background and Objective: One of the characteristics of human is their ability to change behavior based on previous experiences. Learning is the acquisition of information that makes this possible, and memory is meant to store this information. Millet contains proteins, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants needed to preserve the life and health of mammalian cells. This study was conducted to determine the effect of aqueous extract of seed of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) on spatial memory.   Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male rats were divided into 4 groups. Hydrochloric extract of Prossu millet was prepared by Soxhlet method and injected into three treatment groups with doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection for 21 days. The control group received normal saline. After one month from the first injection, learning behaviors and memory tests were performed on samples. In this study, a Mauritius Water Maze was used to study the space memory and a shuttle box was used to learn passive avoidance of spatial memory. One-way variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data of variance analysis with repeated measurements and to analyze memory data.   Results: In the injection of aqueous extracts with doses of (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg), time for finding the platform between the control group and the aqueous treatments in doses of (50 and 75 mg / kg) was significantly different. (p <0.05). Also,  time of training and test time in control and treatment groups receiving aqueous extract showed a significant difference, indicating that this extract had a significant effect.   Conclusion: Hydrous extracts of millet grain of Prossu could improve the learning and spatial memory of male mice, which may be due to the antioxidant properties of millet.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 42 3 2018 9 1 Study of the relationship between Health Transformation plan and amount of Cathlab room procedures in three hospitals, Tehran, Iran. 137 143 FA Ali Akbari Sari Tehran University of Medical Sciences Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan Tehran University of Medical Sciences Mahboobeh Gholami Tehran University of Medical Sciences Background and Aim: Today, correct distribution of healthcare resources is a top priority in all societies. Countries reform their healthcare systems to improve quality and promote access to healthcare services. In this regard, controlling the amount of medical tests and procedures and reducing unnecessary procedures is an objective for healthcare systems. Cath labs are rooms that provide various and expensive medical procedures in hospitals. This article is proposed to determine the amount of medical tests and procedures and its relation to healthcare reform in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study is aimed to figure the relationship between the amount of provided Cath lab`s tests and procedures and implementation of healthcare reform in three hospitals of ShahidBeheshti University of medical sciences. In current Quantitative and before-after study, statistical data was gathered from 2012 to 2016. To analyze the information it was applied to the paired t-test to compare the quantitative variables before and after health transformation plan. To collect and analyze information Excel2013 and SPSS22 software were used. Results: : results of this study showed significant increase in the amount of cardiology clinic admissions and hospitalization (p=0.0001). Also the amount of coronary angiography, angioplasty, CT-angiography, EPS-Ablation and pacemaker placement were increased right after health transformation plan (p=0.0001) and in the second year were slightly decreased. Results also showed the amount of CABG surgeries was not changed after the plan (p=0.238). Conclusion: It seems that health transformation plan has made various factors that have affected the amount of provided Cath lab procedures which probably can also tend to unnecessary use of these services. Therefore monitoring and control these factors are important to achieve quality improvement, healthcare planning and avoiding unnecessary medical tests and procedures.  

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 42 3 2018 9 1 Sample size calculation for animal studies -with emphasis on the ethical principles of reduction of animal use 144 153 FA Siavash Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh Deputy of Research and Technology, The Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education Background:One of the most important questions at the first steps of designing a laboratory animal research is “How many animals do we need?”. In fact, the number of animals used, acts like a “double-edged sword”, directly affecting the scientific power and ethicalness of a research. Therefore, proper sample size calculation (SSC) is of outmost importance. Methods: The aim of the present article is to teach methods of SSC. At first, a thorough understanding of basic parameters used for SSC will be developed for readers. Then, the philosophy of SSC will be discussed. Next, we will review the methods of calculating the number of Experimental Units for each type of studies and we will explore a range of available tools to perform the calculations. Methods of spreading the proper number of experimental units across the groups will be discussed and we will finally calculate the required number of animals based on the number of experimental units, group compositions, and the likelihood of animals exiting the study. Results: Two main methods of SSC for animal research, i.e. Power Analysis and Resource Equation, are presented with the emphasis on the ethical principles of sample size reduction. Pros and cons of each method are discussed and a spreadsheet is provided for readers to perform routine calculations. Conclusion: The number of animals used can considerably affect various aspects of a study, though, proper determination of it does not follow a strict rule. For an optimum determination, researchers should have a good understanding in statistics and laboratory animal science and be familiar with ethical principles and sound scientific judgement.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 42 3 2018 9 1 The effect of 8-week combination training program (strength and neuromuscular) on the Time to stability and center of pressure in the active men with chronic ankle instability 154 159 FA Mehrshad Poursaeid Esfahani Shahid Beheshti medical scinces university Shahin Salehi Shahid Beheshti medical scinces university Amirhosein Abedi Yekta Shahid Beheshti medical scinces university Mohammad Hassabi Shahid Beheshti medical scinces university Shahrzad Khosravi Farhad Ranjbarzadeh Sport medicin federation of Iran Mohsen Moradi Sport medicin federation of Iran Background: Considering the high prevalence of sprain and ankle instability and the disturbing side effects, like decreased stability and increased posture vacillation, it is necessary to perform preventive exercises to avoid such injuries. Thus, the goal of the present research was analyzing the effect of eightweeks of combined exercises on the time of accessing to stability and replacement of press center of active men with chronic ankle instability Materials and methods: An experimental study was performed on 24 active men with functional ankle instability. Initial screening and identifying qualified athletes were done using Ankle Disability Questionnaire and Foot and Ankle Disability Index. Athletes were divided into two groups of Experimental (n= 12) and control (n= 12). Kinetic variables were evaluated using force platform. Experimental group performed the resistance exercises for eight weeks. Results: For data analysis and statistical analysis, after using Shapirovailk test to normalize the data, dependent t-test was run to check inter group performance and independent t-tests were run to evaluate between group performance at a significance level of 0.05%. The results of statistical tests showed that the combined exercises had a significant effect on the time to reach stability and the rate of displacement of the active men’s pressure center with functional ankle instability (P≤0/05). Conclusion: According to the findings, it is suggested that comprehensive combined training programs be used in the rehabilitation programs of male individuals suffering from functional ankle instability to ease restrictions caused by FAI, like balance and stability defects.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 42 3 2018 9 1 Evaluation of activity of peritoneal macrophages in mouseC57BL/6 after phagocytosis of apoptosis of WJ MSC 160 166 FA maryam ghahremani Piraghaj Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Seyed mahmoud Hashemi Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Sara Soudi Tarbiat Modares University Hossein Ghanbarian Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Background: Macrophages are one of the most important immune cells. Macrophages can be divided into two main subgroups of classical or inflammatory macrophages(M1) and alternative or non -inflammatory macrophages or (M2), due to different stimuli. One of the factors that causes the macrophage to orient towards M2, is the phagocytosis of apoptosis cells (efferocytosis). The phagocytosis of mesenchymal stem cells, can be very important in cell therapy due to immunomedulatory   properties and their ability to modulate macrophage function. Materials and Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells were  isolated  from Wharton's  jelly and characterized by flow cytometry as well as differentiation to Osteoblasts and adipocytes. MSCs in the passage 2 exposed to UV light for induction of apoptosis for thirty minutes and followed by incubation for two hours. The cells were then isolated and added to macrophages in a ratio of 4 to 1. After that cells were incubated for 48 hours, after incubation time the production of TNFα and IL10 cytokines was measured by ELISA and nitric oxide production was measured. Macrophages phagocytosis ability was also measured by yeast and apoptotic thymocytes phagocytosis in different groups. Results: The phagocytosis of Wharton's jelly–Mesenchymal stem cells (WJ–MSCs) by macrophages reduces the production of inflammatory cytokine TNFα and increases the production of inhibitory cytokine IL-10. Nitric oxide production has decreased in these macrophages. Also, after phagocytosis of apoptotic WJ–MSCs, the ability of yeast phagocytosis in these macrophages was reduced and phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocyte was increased.  Conclusion: The phagocytosis of apoptotic WJ–MSCs, induce non-inflammatory phenotype in macrophages. So, injected WJ–MSCs maintain their immunomodulatory properties even if they get apoptosed in the body.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 42 3 2018 9 1 Molecular analysis and typing of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from hospitalized patients 167 175 FA Parnaz Abiri Unieversity Abbas Akhavan sepahi Unieversity Mehdi Goudarzi Unieversity Background: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, as one of the most common nosocomial pathogens, is increasing annually and is becoming a major public health concern. One of the serious threats associated with clinical isolates of MRSA is lack of data regarding the molecular characterization of these isolates. The aim of the present study was to identify resistance encoding genes and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from hospitalized patients in 2017. Materials and Methods: During a 10-month period, 112 MRSA strains isolated from hospitalized patients were investigated. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using the disk diffusion and micro-broth dilution methods. Conventional PCR was performed to detect resistance encoding genes. Different types of SCCmec were analyzed using multiplex PCR. Results: The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that 91.1% of isolates were resistant to penicillin, 65.2% to ceftriaxon, 63.4% to erythromycin, 56.3% to kanamycin, 52.7% to Clindamycin, 50% to amikacin, 45.5% to gentamicin, 26.8% to tobramycin, 18.8% to quinupristin/dalfopristin, and 11.6% were resistant to trimetoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The most prevalent resistance gene belonged to ant(4΄)- Ia (73.2%) followed by aac(6΄)-Ie/aph(2˝) (59.8%), tet(M) (57.1%), msr(A) (36.7%), aph(3΄)-IIIa (35.7%), erm(A) (33.9%), msr(B) (24.1%), erm(B) (17%), erm(C) (15.2%), and mupA (10.7%). Our findings revealed that the most common SCCmec type was III (53.6%) followed by types I (23.3%), IV (14.3%), and II (8.9%). High-level mupirocin-resistant strains belonged to SCCmec types III (5.4%), IV (4.4%), and I (0.9%), while all the low-level mupirocin resistant strains belonged to SCCmec type III (15.2%). Conclusions: It seems that there is a genetic diversity among MRSA circulating in studied hospitals that highlights the need to implement appropriate infection control policies in order to decrease dissemination of multi-drug resistance MRSA types in our hospitals.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 42 3 2018 9 1 Effect of folic acid overdose on the histomorphometric indices of pancreatic tissue in NMRI mice embryo 176 181 FA sara rahmani Azad University of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch merangiz Sadughi Azad University of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch Gholamreza Kaka Neurosciences Research center and Department of Anatomy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Seyed Homayoon Sadraie Neurosciences Research center and Department of Anatomy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Background: Embryonic period is the most sensitive stage of the human life in confronting with taken material by mother. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of folic acid overdose on days 8, 9, and 10 of gestation on the pancreatic tissue. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 pregnant mice were equally divided into four groups. The control group received no injection. The sham group received distilled water injection and experimental groups received folic acid in doses of 0.45 μg (1 experimental group = E1) and 0.6 μg (2 experimental group = E2) intraperitoneally on days 8, 9, and 10 of gestation. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22) and ANOVA test with Tukey at the significance level of p≤ 0.05. Results: After treatment with folic acid, uterine bleeding was not observed in the mice and no morphological abnormalities were found in control, sham, and experimental groups. Moreover, in implanted places, no percentage of the embryos died, were absorbed or aborted. In the study of pancreatic tissue, area of largest acini (P=0.096) (979.7 ± 67) and the nuclear number in the largest acini (P=0.087) (15 ± 2) in E2 group had no significant increase as compared with that of the control group. Conclusion: It seems that administration of the extract of folic acid to pregnant mice leads to changes in the development of pancreatic tissue. Therefore, it is recommended that this vitamin be consumed during pregnancy under physician’s supervision.

School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research in Medicine 1735-5311 42 3 2018 9 1 Design and development of TaqMan Real-time PCR assay for detection and viral load determination of HIV-1 182 188 FA Hassan Nourbazargan Alireza Nadji Siamak Mirab Samiee Mahdi Paryan Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) is one of the most important blood-borne infectious viruses that are considered a global problem, thus it is important to diagnose it with high accuracy and sensitivity. Serologic methods do not adequately detect this infection. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to design a sensitive method based on TaqMan Real-time PCR method for diagnosis of HIV-1. Materials and Methods: Primers and probes were designed using bioinformatics softwares for a region of 200 pairs of HIV-1 INT gene. The sequence was cloned into T/A cloning vector and in-vitro RNA transcription was performed to prepare standards for analytical sensitivity assay. To determine the analytical specificity, NCBI BLAST and different viral and bacterial samples were used. Clinical specificity was determined using negative plasma samples. Results: The method introduced was able to detect as low as 10 copies of HIV-1 RNA/ml. Furthermore, it was linear in the range of 10-109 copies/ml. By examining the negative samples, the specificity of this method was determined to be 100%. Intra- and Inter-assay results ranged from 0.3% to 2.5% and 0.7% to 4.5%, respectively, that showed high reproducibility of the assay. Conclusion: Due to proper sensitivity and specificity, rapid analysis, being user-friendly, and relatively low cost, as compared with commercial kits, the method introduced in the present study can be suitable to accurately diagnose HIV-1 virus. Applying this in-house Real-time PCR assay, viral infection can also be detected before seroconversion and appearance of bloodstream antibodies, which can reduce window period of this infection.