Volume 49, Issue 1 (5-2025)
Research in Medicine 2025, 49(1): 0-0 |
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Ethics code: IR.ACECR.Avicenna.REC.1396.21
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Nejadmoghaddam M R, Mozafari F, Ghahremanzadeh R. Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effects of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets: Evaluation on Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria and Skin Fibroblasts. Research in Medicine 2025; 49 (1)
URL: http://pejouhesh.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-3421-en.html
URL: http://pejouhesh.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-3421-en.html
ACECR , mrnejadmoghaddam@gmail.com
Abstract: (29 Views)
Background and Aim:Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets have attracted considerable interest in biomedical applications due to their notable antibacterial and biological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxicity of GO nanosheets against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as human skin fibroblast cells (AGO1522).
Methods:GO nanosheets were synthesized via a modified Hummer’s method and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), while cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay to calculate the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀). Apoptotic effects were evaluated using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining followed by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, and significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results:Successful synthesis and characterization of GO nanosheets were confirmed. XRD revealed an interlayer spacing of 8.52 Å, while FTIR confirmed the presence of hydrophilic functional groups. AFM indicated nanosheet thickness ranging from 0.34 to 1.2 nm, and DLS measurements showed a zeta potential of −34.7 mV. Antibacterial testing showed greater efficacy of GO nanosheets against Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative strains, although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The MTT assay determined an IC₅₀ of 0.8605 ± 0.21 mg/mL, with cell viability exceeding 70% at concentrations below 0.3 mg/mL. Apoptosis analysis at 0.3 mg/mL revealed 5% early apoptosis and 7% late apoptosis among fibroblast cells.
Conclusion:GO nanosheets demonstrated promising antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, and exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity. At lower concentrations, they maintained effective antibacterial properties while preserving cell viability. These findings suggest potential applications of GO nanosheets in wound healing and biomedical devices; however, further in vivo and long-term studies are needed to validate their safety and efficacy under physiological conditions.
Methods:GO nanosheets were synthesized via a modified Hummer’s method and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), while cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay to calculate the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀). Apoptotic effects were evaluated using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining followed by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, and significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results:Successful synthesis and characterization of GO nanosheets were confirmed. XRD revealed an interlayer spacing of 8.52 Å, while FTIR confirmed the presence of hydrophilic functional groups. AFM indicated nanosheet thickness ranging from 0.34 to 1.2 nm, and DLS measurements showed a zeta potential of −34.7 mV. Antibacterial testing showed greater efficacy of GO nanosheets against Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative strains, although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The MTT assay determined an IC₅₀ of 0.8605 ± 0.21 mg/mL, with cell viability exceeding 70% at concentrations below 0.3 mg/mL. Apoptosis analysis at 0.3 mg/mL revealed 5% early apoptosis and 7% late apoptosis among fibroblast cells.
Conclusion:GO nanosheets demonstrated promising antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, and exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity. At lower concentrations, they maintained effective antibacterial properties while preserving cell viability. These findings suggest potential applications of GO nanosheets in wound healing and biomedical devices; however, further in vivo and long-term studies are needed to validate their safety and efficacy under physiological conditions.
Keywords: Graphene oxide (GO), Nanosheets, Antibacterial properties, Cytotoxicity, Wound dressing, Skin fibroblast cells, IC₅₀
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Nanoscience (Nanotechnology - Nanobiotechnology - Nanochemistry)
Received: 2024/10/20 | Accepted: 2025/03/10 | Published: 2025/09/14
Received: 2024/10/20 | Accepted: 2025/03/10 | Published: 2025/09/14
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