Showing 120 results for Aziz
A Mohammadzadeh, I Heydari, F Azizi,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (6-2008)
Abstract
Background: Hypothyroidism may cause symptoms and disorders in different parts of the body which can lead to speech disorders. This research was done to recognize and identify speech disorders in patients with Hypothyroidism.
Materials and methods: This descriptive study was done on 120 subjects with hypothyroidism, with T4 <4.5 μg/dL and TSH >4mU/L. Members of the study team interviewed all subjects, performed a complete physical examination and documented the data on a pre-designed questionnaire. Voice parameters analysis was completed by MDVP soft ware. All data was statistically analyzed. Spearman correlation coefficient was used for quantitative variables and Mann Whitney and chi square tests for qualitative variables.
Results: One-hundred and six patients were females. The prevalence of different speech disorders was as follows: Voice disorders 81 %, Stuttering 11%, Articulation disorders 6%, Hyper nasality 6%. There was a significant decrease in basal frequency, (P<0/001), and a low voices, (bass), was present in 60% of these patients. There was also abnormal increase in most parameters of voice in studied subjects. Dryness of the laryngopharyngeal region was a common complaint, (53%). Prevalence of sensory and auditory signs was more common in women, (P<0.001). Globus sensation was reported only in women and stuttering was more common in men. Voice disorder was the only speech disorder that was directly related to the elevation of TSH level, (p < 0.003).
Conclusion: Voice disorder is the most common speech disorder in hypothyroid patients and may be helpful in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Voice disorders are more common in women.
Stuttering is prevalent in hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism is an important cause of speech disorders.
Aghaie Meybodi Hr, Azizi F,
Volume 32, Issue 2 (Summer 2008 2008)
Abstract
Background: Obesity is one of the known risk factors of diabetes. Nowadays in parallel with industrialization of societies, changes in lifestyle and diet habits and also decreased physical activity, the prevalence of obesity is increasing. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of change in body weight on blood glucose disorders rate after 3 years of Tehran lipid and glucose study.
Materials and methods: Demographic indices and fasting blood glucose levels and 2 hours after ingestion of 75 g of oral glucose in 3957 individuals over 20 years of age participating in Tehran lipid and glucose study were registered at first step (1378-79) and then 3 years later (1381-82). According to body mass index, changes in body weight, and also 5 percentile changes in waist circumference and 5 percentile changes in waist to hip circumference ratio from first to second step, individuals were divided into different groups and after modification for age, sex and family history of diabetes, the relative risks of blood glucose disorders in relation to their changes were measured.
Results: After 3 years of follow up 148 (3.7%) individuals affected by diabetes, majority of them were changed from pre-diabetes to diabetes. In individuals with normal blood glucose levels, after modification for age, sex, family history of diabetes and base body mass index, the relative risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes in the 4-10% increased weight group in relation to the steady weight group was 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1-1.53), in >10% increased weight group was 1.3 (95% CI: 1.04-1.86), and in > 4% decreased weight group was 0.4 (95% CI: 0.27-0.65). Increasing relative risk with regarding to base body mass index in pre-diabetics was only seen in obese individuals (2.7, 95% CI: 1.49-4.78). The effect of waist circumference and waist to hip circumference ratio changes on relative risk of diabetes incidence was not significant in any group.
Conclusion: The body mass index and weight increase are independent risk factors for blood glucose disorders incidence.
H Ghorbani Behrooz, M Tohidi, Y Mehrabi, M Tehranidoost, Gh Zargarinejad, F1 Azizi,
Volume 32, Issue 4 (winter 2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Children who were born from untreated hypothyroid mothers, have lower intelligence quotient (IQ( levels in school age in comparison with same age group. Nonetheless, the effect of hypothyroidism, especially subclinical form on fetal neuronal cell growth and subsequent imprints on intelligence and learning are unclear.
This study was designed to evaluate intellectual development of children of mothers who had hypothyroidism, especially subclinical type during their pregnancies.
Material and Methods: In this historical cohort study, out of 441 hypothyroid women, 90 patients with 106 pregnancies were reviewed. 44 children were enrolled in this study. They were divided to case (N=25) and control groups (N=19) according to the maternal TSH level during pregnancy. For all children serum TSH and free T4 were measured by radioimmunoassay and urine Iodine concentration was assayed by acid digestion method. IQ level and cognitive performance of all children were also evaluated.
Results: The basic characteristics of children except maternal TSH and T4 were the same between two groups. The age range of children was 4-14.5 years. All laboratory parameters (TSH, free T4 and urinary iodine) were similar in two groups. There was no significant difference in IQ level and cognitive performance between two groups. Using Pearson correlation test, except mother education level and neonatal weight there were no relationship between variables and IQ level.
Conclusion: This study showed that IQ level and cognitive performance in children who were born from sub clinical hypothyroid mothers are similar to control group.
Keywords: Hypothyroidism Pregnancy, Intellectual Development, Cognitive Performance.
A Sheibaninia, N Valaie, Sh Mohammad Sadeghi, F Azizi,
Volume 33, Issue 1 (5-2009)
Abstract
Abstract:
Background: According to growing increase of scientific journals in Iran and importance of precise methodology and validity of findings, and also lack of information about quality of published articles, this study was designed to evaluate accuracy of article writing of articles published in dentistry journals in 2006.
Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, all original articles of dentistry journals were evaluated. Research methodology in different topics of articles, including abstract, introduction, methods and materials, results, discussion and references were assessed. Totally, 52 items were evaluated and classified as 3 categories of “correct”, “relatively correct” and “incorrect”. Data analysis was done by Chi-square.
Results: one-hundred original articles were published in the study period. Mean (± standard deviation) number of authors was 2.9±0.84. The most frequent type of study was experimental-in vitro study (46%), followed by descriptive (33%), clinical trial (10%) and historical cohort (6%). The frequency of instrument validity report absence was 96%, no exact calculation of sample size 93%, unjustification of article publication 73%, and lack of restriction and valuable findings report 87%.
Conclusion: There are great defects in published articles of dentistry journals. Implementations for reducing mistakes in article writing result in increasing validity of articles and application of true study results.
KEYWORDS: Research methodology, Dentistry journals, Validity, Reliability.
L1 Ghanei, H2 Harati, F2 Hadaegh, F2 Azizi,
Volume 33, Issue 1 (5-2009)
Abstract
Abstract:
Background: Studies show that a change in lifestyle can prevent or delay progression to diabetes in people with glucose intolerance. This study aimed to survey the effects of lifestyle changes on incidence of type II diabetes in Tehran adult population.
Materials and methods: This was a community based interventional study. Non-diabetic participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study aged ≥20 years (6437 in control group and 2931 in intervention group) were followed for a mean duration of 3.5 years. The changes in lifestyle included an improvement in diet, increase in the level of physical activity and quitting smoking. Mantel-Cox method was used to compare the incidence of diabetes between the groups. The Cox proportional hazard was used to obtain the proportional risk of diabetes in the intervention group.
Results: 58% of subjects completed the follow-up examination for an average period of 3.5 years. The mean age of the study population was 43±11 years, 41% were males. The percentage of increase in weight, waist circumference, serum triglyceride and blood glucose in the intervention group was lower than controls [0.6 vs. 3.3% for fasting glucose, 5.4 vs. 10.6% for 2-hours glucose, 1.2 vs. 6.4% for triglyceride, 4.5 vs. 5.7% for waist circumference (P<0.01) and 2.5 vs. 3.2% for weight (P<0.01)]. Incidence of diabetes was 12.2/1000 person-year in control group and 8.2/1000 person-year for case group. Relative risk of developing diabetes was significantly lower in the intervention groups after adjusting for confounding factors, (hazard ratio 0.34, 95%CI: [0.25-0.47], P<0.001). Number needed to treat to prevent one case of diabetes was 25, 5.7, and 6.7 respectively for the whole population, those with impaired glucose tolerance, and those with body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m².
Conclusion: This study showed that after changes in lifestyle for 3.5 years, there was more than 65% reduction in the incidence of diabetes in the Tehranian adult population.
KEYWORDS: type II diabetes, incidence, life style modification.
Siavash Zafar Doagoo, Morteza Azizi, Seyed Reza Mohebbi, Mahsa Molae, Mohammad Reza Zali ,
Volume 34, Issue 2 (7-2010)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Epidermolysis bullosa is an uncommon disease with a wide spectrum of severity. Here we report a patient presenting with unusual symptoms.
Case Report: The patient is a 22 years old female with progressive dysphasia and odynophagia to solids and liquids and a history of spontaneously remitting blisters caused after mild trauma from her childhood till she was 13 years old. Subepidermal blisters were diagnosed as junctional type of epidermolysis bullosa by histopathology.
Conclusion: Physicians should have a high index of suspicion regarding epidermolysis bullosa in patients presenting with dysphagia and cutaneous blisters..
Keywords: Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, Gastrointestinal symptoms, Subepidermal.
Ramin Malboosbaf, Fereidoun Azizi,
Volume 34, Issue 3 (11-2010)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Successful clinical decisions are the outcome of a complex process. In making them, we draw on information from scientific evidences, our personal experience and external rules and constraints. Considering that the explosive increase in the amount and quality of the scientific evidence that has come from both the laboratory bench and the bedside, we may lack the time, motivation, and basic skills needed to find, critically appraise, and synthesize information. Fortunately, systematic reviews help us and answer sharply defined clinical questions. This article deals with two questions a: what is a systematic review and, b: how should we organize it?
Methods: We searched MEDLINE database with search terms of systematic review and narrative review, restricted to English language, without time limitation. Then we selected those articles written by renowned experts.
Results: There are two types of review articles: narrative review and systematic review. Narrative review has been the conventional method for writing review articles since it is subjective, it may be subject to error and bias in areas where there is lack or paucity of evidence, the narrative review may still be the best writing method. Systematic review is the precise, systematic and classified method of reviewing the existing data and evidences. It is objective, constructive and comprehensive and has much less error and bias than the narrative review.
Conclusion: Systematic reviews are thus a vital link in the great chain of evidence that stretches from the laboratory bench to the bedside. It is absolutely essential for targeting these goals, for writing a systematic review, a fully trained team with an expert leader and a precise protocol is essential.
Keywords: Review article, Systematic review, Narrative review.
Masoumeh Heidari, Naser Valaie, Fereydoon Azizi,
Volume 35, Issue 1 (5-2011)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: As most researchers are unaware of the quality of articles published in scientific journals of nursing-midwifery, findings from these studies are not used in clinical practice. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of articles published in nursing-midwifery journals in Tehran in 2008 as regards design and methodology of writing a scientific paper.
Methods: In this cross sectional study, all original articles published in scientific journals of nursing-midwifery in Tehran in 2008 were evaluated. Research methodology in different sections of articles including, abstract, introduction, methods and materials, results, discussion and references were assessed. Totally, 52 criteria were taken into consideration, articles were evaluated on the basis of these criteria and classified into 3 categories of “correct”, “relatively correct” and “incorrect”. Data analysis was done by chi-square.
Results: Eighty three original articles published in 3 selected journals were evaluated. On the whole, format of the papers was correct in 45% of articles, in 8% it was relatively correct and in 47% the presenting format was incorrect. Inaccuracies found in the incorrectly written articles were found in the following sections: abstracts 53% introduction 69.7%, methods and materials 32.2% results 45.4% discussion 48% and references 25.3%.
Conclusion: Articles published in nursing-midwifery journals have major flaws. Implementations for reducing mistakes in article writing would result in increasing application of the study results.
Keywords: Research methodology, Nursing- midwifery journals, Validity, Reliability.
Marjan Khazan, Mehdi Hedayat, Sahar Askari, Fereidoun Aziz,
Volume 35, Issue 4 (2-2012)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Chinese herbal products for weight loss are popular in Iran and other countries of Asia. We have investigated the content of some of these products present in Iranian markets.
Methods: Nine different types of herbal pills used for weight loss were obtained from open market and subjected to qualitative analysis. Immuno-chromatographic assays for the detection of phencyclidine and radioimmunoassay methods for thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) were employed.
Results: No natural ingredient was present in the herbal slimming pills. All products except three contained triiodothyronine(T3). Magic Slim and 100% Original Super Slim carried thyroxine (T4), 10 microgram per pill and 63 microgram per pill respectively. Phencyclidine was found in herbaceous essence, Green Lean, Super Slim and Fat loss.
Conclusion: Chinese herbal products must be evaluated for their safety before marketing. Manufacturers should be licensed by regulatory agency and manufactured under good manufacturing practice. Proper labeling and good surveillance systems shall ensure the protection of the consumers.
Keywords: Chinese herbal pills, Immunochromatographic, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Phencyclidine, Weight loss.
Zahra Bahadoran, Parvin Mirmiran, Maryam Tohidi1, Mahya Mehran, , Fereidoun Azizi,
Volume 35, Issue 4 (2-2012)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Increased lipid peroxidation and imbalanced oxidant-antioxidant status has a known role in development of complications in diabetic patients. In vitro and animal studies have indicated that broccoli sprouts improve oxidative stress in hyperglycemia. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of broccoli sprouts powder (BSP) on lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress index in type 2 diabetic patients referred to Iran Diabetes Association and the endocrine clinic of Taleghani Hospital.
Methods: Eighty-one type 2 diabetic patients were randomized into three groups, two groups prescribed different doses of BSP (1)10g/d BSP, n=21, 2) 5g/d BSP, n=22)and the third group (n=20) was prescribed 5g/d placebo. Serum levels of malondialdehyde, oxidized low density lipoprotein, total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, and oxidative stress index were measured before and after 4 weeks intervention. Student's paired t test was used to compare baseline and 4-week values in each group. At the end of 4 weeks, the data of 63 patients was analyzed with analysis of covariance with adjustment of baseline values.
Results: Mean serum malondialdehyde and oxidized low density lipoprotein were decreased by 8.9% and 4.9% respectively in group 1 at the end of 4th week as compared with baseline. After 4 weeks BSP supplementation, in group 1 and 2, total antioxidant capacity significantly increased by 15.9% and 10.3% respectively and oxidative stress index decreased significantly by 13.7% and 8.3%. There was no significant change in total oxidant status during intervention. Also there were no significant changes in oxidative stress parameters in placebo group.
Conclusion: It seems that broccoli sprouts powder with high sulforaphane concentration may have beneficial effects on decreasing lipid peroxidation and improve oxidant/antioxidant balance in diabetic patients. With regard to limited data in relation to broccoli sprouts and sulforaphane in prevention of oxidative stress complications, further studies are needed to confirm these results and related mechanisms.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Lipid peroxidation, Oxidative stress, Broccoli sprouts, Sulforaphane.
Somayeh Hosseinpour-Niazi, Parvin Mirmiran, Zahra Naderi, Mahbobeh Sadeghi, Fereidoun Azizi,
Volume 35, Issue 4 (2-2012)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Limited observational studies have investigated the association between dietary PUFAs and the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the dietary ω-3 fatty acids including α-linolenic acid (ALA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and ω-6 PUFAs, the interaction and ratio of these dietary PUFAs and the metabolic syndrome and its components.
Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study within the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, conducted on 2457 participants with mean age of 39.1 ± 13.4 years. Information about the intake of different polyunsaturated fatty acids by the participants was obtained through a 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride and HDL cholesterol concentrations and blood pressure were measured. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to recommended by the Adult Treatment Panel III.
Results: After controlling for potential confounders, multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of hypertriglyceridemia between highest and lowest intake of dietary PUFAs were 0.58 for ω-6 fatty acids, 0.61 for ALA, and 0.51 for EPA + DHA. Inverse relationship was found between abdominal obesity and intake of ALA, (OR=0.54) and, ω-3 fatty acids, (0.52). Higher intakes of ω-6 fatty acids and ALA were associated with lower frequency of the metabolic syndrome. Higher ALA intake was associated with a 28% lower risk of the metabolic syndrome among subjects irrespective of their intake of ω-6 fatty acids.
Conclusion: ALA intake reduced the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, irrespective of intake of ω-6 fatty acids. More studies are needed to determine the association between dietary source of these fatty acids and the metabolic syndrome and its components.
Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Dietary ratio of ω-6/ ω-3.
Mehran Babanejad, Maryam Azizian, Reza Azizian, Tayebeh Azadi, Abdolhalim Rajabi, Ali Delpisheh, Nayeb Ali Ahmadi,
Volume 37, Issue 2 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background: Using dietary supplements depends on age, gender, marital status and other factors. The present community-based study was aimed to investigate the factors affecting dietary supplement consumption amongst people residing in south of Tehran.
Materials and methods: Through a cross-sectional study using convenient sampling, 708 records of individuals referred to nutritional centers in south of Tehran between 2006 and 2010 were examined. A predesigned checklist with items relevant to dietary supplement consumption was used to document the necessary information. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test and logistic regression.
Results: There was a significant relationship between dietary supplement consumption and age, gender and marital status (p<0.05), but not with body mass index (p<0.05). The frequency of dietary supplement consumption for 19 to 35 years age group, women and married people was significantly higher. Eventually, after adjusting confounding factors, marital status still remained as the most significant factor affecting dietary supplement consumption.
Conclusion: Focusing on dietary supplement consumption in target groups including youngsters, men and singles living in southern Tehran is recommended.
Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed, Golaleh Asghari, Mahdiyeh Nour-Mohammadi, Sahar Mirzaie, Parvin Mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi,
Volume 38, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background: Regarding to the impact of childhood and adolescence obesity on incidence of most of chronic adulthood diseases, determination of the predictors of obesity can play an important role in human health. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and skinfolds as predictors of percentage body fat (PBF) and diagnosis of excess adiposity in Iranian adolescents. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, all anthropometric measurements and PBF using the bioelectrical impedance analysis of 133 adolescents (65 boys and 68 girls), aged 10-18 years, were taken. Linear regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to analyze the data, adjusting for potential covariates including sex, age, and pubertal stage. Results: BMI explained 67% of between-subject variance in PBF and R2adj of models revealed that prediction of PBF by BMI was better than other indices (P< 0.001). The AUC value for BMI to differentiate between the excess adiposity and normal PBF was 0.92 (P< 0.001), which was significantly higher than those for WC, WHR, and WHtR (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The performance of BMI is better than other anthropometric indices in predicting PBF and diagnosing excess adiposity in Iranian adolescents.
Arefeh Fallah-Ghohroudi, Somayeh Hosseinpour-Niazi, Parvin ,mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi,
Volume 38, Issue 2 (8-2014)
Abstract
Abstract Background: Diet as one of the most important lifestyle factors play an important role in the control and treatment of diabetes and related outcomes. Among dietary factors legumes as a functional food are rich source of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, fiber, polyphenols and other antioxidants. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of legume intake in therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) diet on inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and methods: In this randomized crossover trial, 24 subjects with type 2 diabetes in the age range of 50 to 80 years were selected. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups receiving TLC (control) or the TLC diet with legumes (replacing meat with 2 servings of legumes in their TLC diet, three days a week). Period of each diet was 8 weeks with a 4 week wash out period. At the beginning and end of two dietary periods, fasting blood samples were taken to measure the fasting plasma glucose and inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6, CRP, TNF-α). Results: In both diets after 8 weeks intervention fasting plasma glucose, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 significantly decreased compare with baseline values (p<0.05). Compare with TLC diet, TLC diet with legume significantly decreased CRP and TNF-α (p<0.05). Conclusion: Replacement of 2 servings of legumes instead of meat 3 days a week in the TLC diet resulted in improved inflammatory markers CRP and TNF-α. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Legumes, Fasting blood glucose, Inflammatory markers, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6, Therapeutic lifestyle change diet.
Parisa Amiri, Atieh Amouzegar, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Elham Kazemian, Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani, Fereidoun Azizi,
Volume 38, Issue 2 (8-2014)
Abstract
Background: providers and policy makers to identify programs and plan capable to balance birth could use Information about women’s beliefs and preferences regarding their choice of birth control methods. The aim of the current study is to investigate socio-behavioral and reproductive factors influencing the choice of contraceptive methods among a large number of Tehranian women.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2551 women divided into five groups according to their birth control methods, which included: hormonal, mechanical, natural, permanent and mixed methods of contraception. All socio-demographic, behavioral and reproductive data were extracted from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study data bank.
Results: The mean age of subjects was 39.4±10.5 Hormonal(0.66%) and natural (37.12%) methods were the least and most popular methods among participants, respectively. The odds of hormonal (OR: 0.96 95%CI: 0.94-0.98), mechanical (OR: 0.97) and mixed methods (OR: 0.91) declined with increasing age. Compared with higher educated women, participants with secondary school (OR: 2.08) education were more likely to use permanent methods. Women with 3-5 living children had more tendencies to use permanent contraception. The past history of abortion decreased the odds of choosing hormonal methods of contraception(OR: 0.60).
Conclusion: Age, education, parity, number of living children, abortion and smoking are associated with choice of contraceptive methods among Tehranian women and these information could be used for family planning. Keywords: Socio-behavioral determinants, Reproductive, Contraception.
Fereidoun Azizi,
Volume 39, Issue 1 (5-2015)
Abstract
Mrs Samaneh Akbarpour, Mr Mojtaba Lotfalian, Mr Amirhossein Mozafary, Ms Reyhaneh Rajab Boloukat, Mr Fereidoun Azizi, Mrs Karimian Seyedeh Maryam, Mr Farzad Hadaegh,
Volume 39, Issue 2 (8-2015)
Abstract
Background: we investigated the association of different hypertension subgroups including isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH), controlled blood pressure (CBP), and uncontrolled blood pressure (UBP) for incident CVD and mortality events.
Methods: 6974 middle age and 882 elderly participants were categorized according to their BP measurements, participants. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for hypertension subgroups, considering those with normotension as the reference.
Results: During more than 10 years of follow-up, in the middle-aged group, 490 CVD and 152 deaths occurred; corresponding rates for the elderly group were 194 and 176, respectively. In middle-aged subjects ISH, SDH and UBP increased the risk of CVD; whereas UBP increased the risk of mortality due to CVD and any cause (HR: 5.66 and HR: 2.95, respectively) and IDH increased only the risk of total mortality in this group (HR; 2.01) (all p-values <0.05). In elderly subjects ISH and UBP significantly increased the risks of CVD; whereas IDH, SDH 3.27 and and CBP increased the risks of CVD and all-cause mortality in this group, respectively (all p-value <0.05).
Conclusions: In both middle-aged and elderly population, ISH, SDH and UBP increase the risk of CVD. Controlling of BP to < 140/90 mm Hg decreases the risk of mortality events among middle-age population; however, not suitable for elderly as it was associated with higher risk of mortality.
Sima Nazarpour, Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani, Masoumeh Simbar, Maryam Tohidi, Hamid Alavi Majd, Fereidoun Azizi,
Volume 39, Issue 3 (11-2015)
Abstract
Backgrounds:Given the high prevalence of thyroid disorders during pregnancy and the importance of these disorders in pregnant women and studies on the relationship between thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes, still there is no consensus on effectiveness of screening all women in early pregnancy regarding thyroid dysfunction and among the international scientific communities recommend the targeted high-risk case finding approach to identify these disorders in pregnancy. The purpose of this study is to compare universal screening with targeted high-risk case finding for diagnosis of thyroid disorders in Iranian pregnant women.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study that was carried out on 1600 pregnant women in their first trimester. After data collection using questionnaires, their risk status in terms of thyroid disorders was estimated by the check lists of risk factors. Then, their incidence to thyroid disorders was characterized based on clinical examinations and measuring serum levels of T4, TSH, TPOab and T-uptake. The prevalence of thyroid disorders were identified and the predictive risk factors of thyroid disorders were determined by regression analysis.
Results: The study was conducted on 1,600 pregnant women, the prevalence of thyroid disorders was 36.5% (n=584). According to the results of hormonal tests in the high-risk group 42.9% (n = 386) and in the low-risk group 28.3% (198 patients) were diagnosed with a type of thyroid disorders. Among the risk factors, history of thyroid drug use, family history of thyroid disorders and Previous history of a thyroid disorder, were significant prognostic factors (p<0.005).
Discussion: It seems that with lack of universal screening about one-third (33.9%) of women with thyroid disorders are not diagnosed during pregnancy. Further studies are recommended.
Mahdieh Azizi, Roya Yousefi, Farshid Yeganeh, Mostafa Haji Molla Hoseini,
Volume 43, Issue 2 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background: There are reports on the ability of chitin microparticles to modulate the TH1 and TH2
responses, depending on the size and administration route. The purpose of the present study was to
investigate the immunoadjuvant effects of the small-sized (less than 40 microns) chitin microparticles
(CMP) in vaccination against Leishmania major for preventing leishmaniasis in BALB /c mice by
determining IgG1 and IgG2a.
Methods: BALB⁄c mice in test and control groups (6 mice per group), during 21 days were immunized
subcutaneously three times with soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA) or SLA/CMP. Three weeks after the
last immunization, blood sampling was performed and immunoglobulin isotype was determined using
ELISA. Then 2 × 105 L. major promastigotes were injected into the base of the tail of the mice. Next, onset
and size of the lesions were measured in each group. In the eighth week, blood samples were obtained from
the eye for evaluation of IgG1 and IgG2a level and then the mice were sacrificed and their lymph nodes
were isolated to determine the parasitic burden using Limiting dilution assay (LDA).
Results: The SLA / CMP-immunized mice in compared to the non-immunization group, the onset of the
wound were postponed and the parasitic load [(0.41±3.9 Vs.0.82±5.8 Log (Parasites per lymph node)]
(P≤0.05) and the extended area of the wound (P≤0.007) were significantly decreased. The results of
the serum IgG1 and IgG2a assay showed that immunization by chitin microparticles caused significant
decrease in the serum IgG1 level before (P≤0.001) and after (P≤0.014) the challenge but not IgG2a.
Conclusion: Co-administration of CMP/SLA cause significant inhibition of IgG1 responses. It seems that
CMP could downregulate unbridled TH2 response in Leishmania infection.
Mr Mehdi Mohammadi, Dr Mehran Noorbakhsh, Dr Elnaz Azizi,
Volume 45, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Backgrond and Aims: One of the concerns in impressioning in dentistry is the marginal adaptation of the restoration which affects the accuracy and precision of the impression. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of conventional and digital impression techniques on the marginal adaptation of zirconia restorations in the classical chamfer preparation design.
Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, 20 stainless steel die-casters were fabricated and divided into two groups. In the first group, intraoral scanners were used to taking impression and in the second group, one-step impressioning was carried out using panacil additive silicones. All specimens were cemented on their dies under a pressure of 5 N and their vertical and horizontal gap values were measured using stereo microscope.
Results: The mean vertical gap before cementation in conventional impression group was 47.15 microns and 31.79 microns in digital method. Mann U Whinee test results showed no significant difference between the two groups (P <0.2). Vertical gap after cementation in the conventional method was 80.35 microns and 67.46 microns in the digital group, indicating no significant difference between the two groups (P <0.6). The amount of marginal adaptation was similar regardless of the type of impressioning (p <0.9). The marginal adaptation values in the horizontal dimension in the conventional technique group were 66.97 microns and 53.91 microns in the case group, which were not statistically significant (P <0/8).
Conclusion: The results showed that each of the digital and conventional approaches was within the clinically acceptable ranges in terms of the impact on the marginal adaptation of the zirconia restorations.
