Showing 3 results for Nicotine
Zahra Shahab, Maryam Bananej, Morteza Piri, Maryam-Sadat Shahin, Mohammad Reza Zarrindast,
Volume 35, Issue 2 (6-2011)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Anxiety is a psychological and physiological state characterized by somatic, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components. Anxiety is considered to be a normal reaction to stress, however excessive anxiety results in anxiety disorder. In this study, we investigated the possible interaction between nicotine and nitric oxide system of the dorsal hippocampus on anxiety-like behavior in mice.
Methods: This experimental study was performed on 230 male NMRI mice. Mice were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Two stainless-steel cannulae were placed in the CA1 region of hippocampus. Nicotine (0.5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally L-arginine (1 µg/mouse) and L-NAME 50 ng/mouse was instilled in the cannulae The elevated plus-maze test was used to test for anxiety-like behaviors. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) followed by LSD test, were used for analysis of the data.
Results: Intraperitoneal injection of nicotine or bilateral intra-dorsal hippocampal injections of L-arginine and L-NAME induced anxiogenic effects, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively. Intraperitoneal injection of lower dose of nicotine (0.1 mg/kg) before different doses of L-arginine or L-NAME inhibited anxiogenic effects of L-arginine or L-NAME.
Conclusion: It seems that both nitric oxide and nicotinic cholinergic systems play a part in the modulation of anxiety in the dorsal hippocampus of mouse however the interaction between these two systems is complex.
Keywords: Nicotine, Nitric oxide, Anxiety behavior, Dorsal hippocampus, Mouse.
Mohammad Asad Pourpiranfar,
Volume 37, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background: Opinions differ about the role of smoking cigarettes on homogeneity of ventricular repolarization. The aim of this study was to investigate the short term effect of cigarette smoking on QT dispersion (QTD) as a measure to evaluate the ventricular repolarization homogeneity in patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and healthy smokers.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 40 patients with CHF and 40 healthy individuals, (all smokers), matched for gender and age, were enrolled. The magnitude of QTD before and immediately after smoking a cigarette with 1.7 mg nicotine was measured and compared between them.
Results: QTD in patient with CHF was 55.1±13.7 msec before and 64.2±13.7 msec after smoking a cigarette in the control group, the figures were 42.16 ±14.2 and 47.3±17.1 respectively. Difference between two groups was statistically significant (p=0.001). Also, the scale of QTD was significantly higher in patients with CHF before and after smoking compared to control group (p=0.032 and 0.001 respectively). Finally we observed that increase in QTD in patients with CHF (9.4±4 msec) was significantly greater than that of healthy group (4.7±2.5). (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Cigarette smoking, even for a short period, can increases QTD and may lead to ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death both in healthy smokers and in patients with CHF magnitude of this effect is much higher in the latter group. It is crucial that patients with CHF stop smoking and avoid places polluted with cigarette smoke.
Simin Fazelipour, Zahra Tootian, Pantea Farjadazad, Mona Karimi Asl, Andisheh Ahmadi,
Volume 39, Issue 3 (11-2015)
Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Nicotine is a nitrogenous organic compound which constitutes the major material of cigarettes. This toxic alkaloid is extracted from tobacco plant. Ritalin or Methylphenidate is a medicine from amphetamines group and structurally similar to cocaine with a widely usage. The objective of this study is surveying the vitality of sperm and fertility of the females received the gametes of the males used Nicotine and Ritalin. This study conducted in Islamic azad university Tehran medical science branch.(1392). Methods: In this experimental study a total number of 120 male mice and 54 female mice were selected and the male mice were randomly divided into 11 experimental groups and one control group. In two experimental groups Ritalin was used 2 and 10 mg/kg of body weight, in three experimental groups nicotine was used 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight and in other experimental groups nicotine and Ritalin were used together as gavage for 40 days. At the end of the treatment period, three male mice from each group were selected and each was kept with a female in a separate cage. After 10 days the female mice were euthanized and by counting the fetuses and the corpora lutea, the percentage of fertility in females which is an indicator of the male mice were estimated. Also the remaining males were euthanized and after removing the testes for determining the percentage of aliv sperm using eosin nigrosin, the numbers of stainmed sperms were specified. The data were calculated statistically by ANOVA and Tukey Test and the criterion of statistical derivation was considered p<0.05. Findings: The results of this study showed that percentage of fertility in the experimental group reciving nicotine [400 µg/kg/day] with nicotine comparing control group (95.42±4.68) with the experimental group [400 µg/kg/day] (63.10±38.37) the groups reciving Ritalin [2mg/kg/day] (64.96±18.51) and [10mg/kg/day] (18.53±16.72) compared with the control group (95.42±4.68) showed a significant reduction. These results confirm more reduction of fertility percentage in Ritalin consumption than nicotine. Morever in the other 6 groups consuming the combined form of nicotin with the doses of 100,200 and 400 µgr/kg/day and Ritalin with the doses of 2 and 10 mg/kg/day, fertility percentage should a significant reduction compard to the control group. Although this reduction in the group consuming nicotine at the dose of 400 µgr/kg/day and Ritalin at the dose of 10 mgr/kg/day (10.00±20.03) was more intense than the control group.
