Showing 4 results for Women.
Ghotbi F,
Volume 32, Issue 2 (6-2008)
Abstract
Background: Numerous studies show that working outside home is the key barrier to breastfeeding. The objective of this study was comparing the pattern of breastfeeding in infants whose mothers were employed in public sectors with unemployed mothers.
Materials and methods: In this study 630 mothers (254 employed), attending health care centers in northern and western Tehran with 6-30 months infants with the birth weight of at least 2000 g, were interviewed. The results were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: After logistic regression it was revealed that parental education, infant's sex or birth order had no significant effect on rate or duration of breast-feeding. There were no significant differences in the rate of breastfeeding between the two groups at 0 and 2 months, but there were significant differences after returning to work (at 4, 6 8, 10 and 12 months). Our results showed that the rate and duration of breast feeding were significantly lower in employed mothers at all infant ages, after 4 months. Figures for breastfeeding at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months in the two groups of employed and unemployed mothers were as follows: 69.7% versus 76.9%, 61.4% versus 73.7%, 57.9% versus 69.9%, 54.7% versus 67.7%,and 52.6% versus 67%, and p-values = 0.044, 0.001, 0.002, 0.001, and 0.0001, respectively.
Conclusion: After returning to work the rate and duration of breastfeeding in employed mother are significantly lower than housewives.
Nasiri R, Yosefi J, Khajedaluee M, Sarafraz Yazdi M, Delgoshaie F,
Volume 32, Issue 3 (9-2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Rubella virus is a potent teratogen. Risk of rubella virus induced multisystem fetal malformation is highly dependent on the gestational age at the time of infection. Because the rubella vaccine is an attenuated live virus, its use is contraindicated during pregnancy.
Our objective was to examine whether exposure to rubella vaccine during 1-4 weeks periconceptional period can cause any adverse pregnancy outcome or Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS).
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed in 60 pregnant women who received rubella vaccine inadvertently 1-4 wks pre or post conception. Time of conception was determined by last menstrual period (LMP) and first trimester sonography. In addition to gathering mother's obstetric and demographic information, all neonates were evaluated for CRS signs by systemic physical examination and anti rubella IgG and IgM antibody levels in cord blood samples.
Results: Mean maternal age was 21.8±2.9 years and 58.3% of pregnancies were unintended. In 90% of mothers there were no post vaccination side effects. None of the mothers had a history of drug abuse, smoking or teratogenic exposures. Mean neonatal weight was 3108±581 gr and 6.7% of them were premature. There was no increase in the rate of adverse pregnancy outcome, (abortion, preterm labour, post term pregnancy, fetal demise, obstetric hemorrhage, pregnancy related major malformation). No signs of CRS were found in the neonates based on systemic physical exam. Mean value of cord blood anti-rubella IgG level was 143.9±69.5 IU/mL. Cord blood anti-rubella IgM was negative in all of the neonates.
Conclusion: It seems that inadvertent rubella vaccination 1-4 weeks before and after conception does not cause CRS in neonate and therapeutic abortion is not indicated however since in rare instances clinical manifestations of rubella have appeared years after the congenital infection, women planning to get pregnant should not be vaccinated against rubella one month before and throughout pregnancy.
Arezoo Rezazadeh1, Bahram Rashidkhani2, Nasrin Omidvar2,
Volume 33, Issue 4 (2-2010)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Using dietary pattern analysis method reflects individuals’ dietary behaviors and therefore could provide more detailed information about nutritional etiology of chronic disease like obesity. The aim of this study is to determine major dietary patterns and general and central obesity in adult women living in north of Tehran in 2007.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study 460 women aged 20-50 y, living in north of Tehran, were sampled with stratified random sampling method. Dietary intake in last year was collected by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight, height and waist circumstance (WC) were measured with standard methods and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. General obesity was defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and central obesity as WC ≥ 88 cm. Factor analysis method was used for identifying major dietary patterns. The association between major dietary patterns and general and central obesity were assessed by logistic regression analysis.
Results: Two major dietary patterns were extracted: Healthy dietary pattern and unhealthy dietary pattern. After adjusting for confounders, individuals in the upper quartile of the unhealthy dietary pattern score were more likely to be generally (OR=3.70, P<0.01) and centrally obese (OR=4.01, P<0.01), whereas those in the upper quartile of healthy dietary pattern were less likely to be generally and centrally obese.
Conclusion: Major dietary patterns of the women in this study had the significant associations with general and central obesity. Further prospective investigations are required to confirm such associations.
Fatemeh Nahidi1, Noorossadat Karman1, Naser Vallaei1, , Zahra Fazli2,
Volume 33, Issue 4 (2-2010)
Abstract
Backgraound: Regarding to the increasing number of postmenopausal women in the world as well as increased life expectancy about 75 years old and respecting to the various complications due to menopause specially early menopause and on the other hand important role of women in family, this study was conducted to determine the incidence of age of menopausal women living in Tehran in 2005.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1500 women between 45 and 55 years, living in any of 22 different districts of Tehran, using a multi-stages sampling method in 100 blocks, were randomly selected. Inclusion criteria consist of living in Tehran for at least 10 years, lack of any operation on one or both ovaries or hysterectomy, lacking the history of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, mental disorders, hospitalization, and hormonal drugs. Data were collected by a questionnaire completed through interview. Content and test-retest methods were used for validity and reliability of the tools, respectively. Demographic data and age of menopause were estimated in samples and community. Factors associated with menopause age were evaluated by SPSS software. T-test, ANOVA and chi-square test were used for data analysis.
Results: The results showed the mean age of 49.4±3.4, age at menarche of 13.5±1.6, marital age of 18.9±4.7, primiparous age of 20.6±4.7, the history of lactation of 65.5%, history of taking oral contraceptives of 44.5%, being married of 87.8% and familial history of early menopause of 13.1%. The age of postmenopausal women was 47.13±3.9 years (95%CI: 46.8-50.2 years). The effective factors on menopausal age included smoking, low level of education in the subjects and their spouses, high number of children, long-term consumption of oral contraceptives, ownership of residence, familial history of early menopause.
Conclusion: The age of menopause in Iranian women is lower than women from developed counties. Regarding to the limited and controversial knowledge about the related factors with menopausal age, further researches are recommended.
Keywords: Age of menopause, Effective factors, Menopausal women.
