Volume 48, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Research in Medicine 2024, 48(3): 62-78 |
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Sheikholeslami M A. Opioid Receptors: A Review of the Literature. Research in Medicine 2024; 48 (3) :62-78
URL: http://pejouhesh.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-3406-en.html
URL: http://pejouhesh.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-3406-en.html
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. , masheikh@sbmu.ac.ir
Abstract: (345 Views)
Background and Aim: Opioids are the strongest painkillers that are used to reduce all types of pain. Like many medicinal compounds, opioids bind to their receptors to exert effects in the body. The identification of opioid receptors dates back to the 60s. From then until the late 1990s, all classical opioid receptors were identified. In the new century and especially in the last decade, with the emergence of some effects or complications due to the use of opioid compounds, the number of studies on new receptors increased resulting in the identification of non-classical receptors. Some of these receptors are so poorly studied that they are still called orphan receptors. Therefore, the way is paved for new studies.
Methods: This review of related research published until May 2024 (with an emphasis on the articles of the last ten years) using keywords such as opioids, morphine, classical and non- classical opioid receptors, were reviewed in the PubMed database. The articles most related to the goals of writing this article were selected and studied among the collected articles.
Conclusion: Classical receptors are the primary opioid receptors that were first identified, and the analgesic effect and dependence and tolerance to opioids are mostly attributed to these receptors. Non- classical receptors have received more attention in the last decade. In addition to responding to endogenous and exogenous opioids, these receptors respond to various types of ligands. Classical and non- classical opioid receptors have many unknown angles that demand extensive studies.
Methods: This review of related research published until May 2024 (with an emphasis on the articles of the last ten years) using keywords such as opioids, morphine, classical and non- classical opioid receptors, were reviewed in the PubMed database. The articles most related to the goals of writing this article were selected and studied among the collected articles.
Conclusion: Classical receptors are the primary opioid receptors that were first identified, and the analgesic effect and dependence and tolerance to opioids are mostly attributed to these receptors. Non- classical receptors have received more attention in the last decade. In addition to responding to endogenous and exogenous opioids, these receptors respond to various types of ligands. Classical and non- classical opioid receptors have many unknown angles that demand extensive studies.
Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
Pharmacology
Received: 2024/09/1 | Accepted: 2024/11/2 | Published: 2025/01/20
Received: 2024/09/1 | Accepted: 2024/11/2 | Published: 2025/01/20
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