Research in Medicine

Background : “Over the counter”, (OTC), drugs are extensively used and since prescription is not required for dispensing, self-treatment is feasible for the patients. Hence, the extent of knowledge and awareness of patients regarding OTC drugs is an important factor in providing proper usage of these drugs and minimizing side effects. The present study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of patients calling on pharmacies throughout Tehran , regarding their requested OTC drugs.

Materials and methods : This study was carried out on 1100 patients requesting OTC medicines form 120 pharmacies located in different parts of Tehran during the period of one year, (March 2002 to March 2003). They were questioned about their demograhic data, particulars of the requested OTC drugs, dosage, duration of use, and important side effects, and the answers recorded on a structured questionnaire

Results : The study population included 583 males and 517 females, 28% were aged between 36-45 years. 35% were high school graduates, and 11% were illiterate. 43% of all requested OTC drugs were adult cold tablets, acetaminophen, and Al MgS suspension. Although 20% of the patients were unaware of the existence of OTC drug category, 95% had a previous history of drug usage and were satisfied with its efficacy. 41% had incorrect knowledge regarding the dose and duration of use and only 0.8% had complete informative data regarding the side effects. We could find a significant association between the extent of knowledge and awareness of patients, and their level of education and history of requested OTC drug usage.

 Conclusion : Unfortunately, the extent of knowledge of patients requesting OTC drugs are not sufficient regarding the drug dosage, duration of use, and their side effects. To promote their knowledge, drug consultation by physicians or pharmacists is strongly recommended.