Volume 49, Issue 4 (3-2026)
Research in Medicine 2026, 49(4): 0-0 |
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kajkolah M, abdolmaleki A, Khiali M, younesi Z, asgari A, sabahi naminii A, et al . Therapeutic Potential of Ginseng and Ginsenosides in Major Neurodegenerative and CNS Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Human and Animal Studies. Research in Medicine 2026; 49 (4)
URL: http://pejouhesh.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-3500-en.html
URL: http://pejouhesh.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-3500-en.html
Mahan Kajkolah 
, Arash Abdolmaleki , MOZHGAN Khiali , Zakiyeh Younesi , Ashkan Asgari , Abbas Sabahi naminii , Hossein Ghanimi , Asadolah Asady
, Arash Abdolmaleki , MOZHGAN Khiali , Zakiyeh Younesi , Ashkan Asgari , Abbas Sabahi naminii , Hossein Ghanimi , Asadolah Asady
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, namin, Iran. , Abdolmalekiarash1364@gmail.com
Abstract: (36 Views)
Background and Aim: Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent major global public health challenges, and effective treatments for many neurodegenerative disorders remain limited. Although research on the neuroprotective effects of ginseng has increased in recent years, the findings are fragmented, and a comprehensive and integrated review systematically addressing the role of ginseng in common CNS disorders is still lacking. Therefore, this review aimed to critically summarize the existing evidence and identify current research gaps regarding the therapeutic potential of ginseng in CNS diseases.
Methods: This review was conducted through a literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Keywords including ginseng, ginsenosides, CNS disorders, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation were used. Articles were collected without time restrictions. Inclusion criteria comprised human, animal, and in vitro studies investigating the neuropharmacological effects of ginseng. Irrelevant articles, studies without full-text access, or those lacking reliable data were excluded. Out of 100 initially identified articles, 63 eligible studies were ultimately included in the review.
Results and Conclusion: Available evidence indicates that ginseng and its active constituents—particularly ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, Rd, and Rh2 exert significant neuroprotective effects through mechanisms such as attenuation of neuroinflammation, inhibition of oxidative stress, modulation of apoptotic pathways, and enhancement of neurotrophic signaling. These compounds have demonstrated beneficial effects in various CNS disease models, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, depression, and spinal cord injury, as evidenced by improved cognitive function, reduced inflammatory responses, and decreased neuronal cell death. Among the ginsenosides examined, Rb1 showed the most pronounced efficacy in several studies. Overall, these findings suggest that ginseng and ginsenosides hold considerable potential as complementary or alternative therapeutic options for CNS disorders. However, despite promising results from experimental and preclinical studies, the limited availability of clinical evidence underscores the need for well-designed clinical trials to accurately evaluate their efficacy and safety.
Methods: This review was conducted through a literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Keywords including ginseng, ginsenosides, CNS disorders, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation were used. Articles were collected without time restrictions. Inclusion criteria comprised human, animal, and in vitro studies investigating the neuropharmacological effects of ginseng. Irrelevant articles, studies without full-text access, or those lacking reliable data were excluded. Out of 100 initially identified articles, 63 eligible studies were ultimately included in the review.
Results and Conclusion: Available evidence indicates that ginseng and its active constituents—particularly ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, Rd, and Rh2 exert significant neuroprotective effects through mechanisms such as attenuation of neuroinflammation, inhibition of oxidative stress, modulation of apoptotic pathways, and enhancement of neurotrophic signaling. These compounds have demonstrated beneficial effects in various CNS disease models, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, depression, and spinal cord injury, as evidenced by improved cognitive function, reduced inflammatory responses, and decreased neuronal cell death. Among the ginsenosides examined, Rb1 showed the most pronounced efficacy in several studies. Overall, these findings suggest that ginseng and ginsenosides hold considerable potential as complementary or alternative therapeutic options for CNS disorders. However, despite promising results from experimental and preclinical studies, the limited availability of clinical evidence underscores the need for well-designed clinical trials to accurately evaluate their efficacy and safety.
Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
Norology
Received: 2025/10/18 | Accepted: 2026/02/15 | Published: 2026/06/2
Received: 2025/10/18 | Accepted: 2026/02/15 | Published: 2026/06/2
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